背景
增加偏愛脂肪和糖或降低味覺的靈敏度可能在超重和肥胖發展中的作用，但感官知覺都可能是從小受飲食文化，共同的飲食習慣中已經影響。我們總結了在意大利，愛沙尼亞，塞浦路斯，比利時，瑞典，德國，匈牙利和西班牙進行的一項大規模流行病學研究的主要結論。我們測得的口味偏好和1,839位6歲至9歲的兒童口味的閾值，調查可能影響觀測的喜好以及與體重狀況的關聯因素。
研究發現
所在的各國相關偏好甜味，鹹味，苦味和鮮味最強的因素。口味的喜好也各不相同年齡。無論居住和其他的國家，超重和肥胖呈正偏愛脂肪豐富的餅乾和糖，甜蘋果汁有關。
結論
我們的結論是文化和年齡的口味喜好在青春期前的兒童的重要決定因素。橫截面數據顯示，客觀測量的口味喜好與小學生跨不同飲食文化的體重狀況相關。Hypothesise 這個協會是由不利的食物選擇介導的特點是甜和含脂肪食品的食品模式過剩體重增加這些孩子有關。
關鍵詞： 橫斷面研究; 流行病學; 飲食文化; 測量品味素質; 超重和肥胖; 感官味覺; 苦味; 味咸; 甜味; 鮮味
Short report
Sensory taste preferences and taste sensitivity and the association of unhealthy food patterns with overweight and obesity in primary school children in Europe—a synthesis of data from the IDEFICS study
Corresponding author: Wolfgang Ahrens ahrens@bips.uni-bremen.de
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.flavourjournal.com/content/4/1/8
Background
Increased preference for fat and sugar or reduced taste sensitivity may play a role in overweight and obesity development, but sensory perceptions are probably influenced already during childhood by food cultures and common dietary habits. We summarise the main findings of a large-scale epidemiological study conducted in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary and Spain. We measured the taste preferences and the taste thresholds in 1,839 children aged 6 to 9 years and investigated factors that might influence the observed preferences as well as their association with weight status.
Findings
Country of residence was the strongest factor related to preferences for sweet, salty, bitter and umami. Taste preferences also differed by age. Regardless of the country of residence and other covariates, overweight and obesity were positively associated with the preference for fat-enriched crackers and sugar-sweetened apple juice.
Conclusions
We conclude that culture and age are important determinants of taste preferences in pre-adolescent children. The cross-sectional data show that objectively measured taste preferences are associated with the weight status of primary school children across varying food cultures. We hypothesise that this association is mediated by an unfavourable food choice as a food pattern characterised by sweet and fatty foods is associated with excess weight gain in these children.
Keywords: Cross-sectional study; Epidemiology; Food culture; Measurement of taste qualities; Overweight and obesity; Sensory taste perception; Bitter taste; Salty taste; Sweet taste; Umami taste
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